Big Data has emerged as a transformative resource that enables organizations to generate valuable insights, improve decision-making, optimize operations, and enhance competitive advantage. Advances in digital technologies, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, social media, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices have accelerated the generation and utilization of vast volumes of data across industries. Despite its potential benefits, the adoption of Big Data technologies presents numerous organizational, technological, financial, and ethical challenges. Many organizations struggle with issues related to data quality, infrastructure complexity, cybersecurity, privacy, governance, talent shortages, and organizational resistance. This study examines the major challenges associated with Big Data adoption in organizations, analyzes their impact on organizational performance, and proposes strategic solutions for successful implementation. Findings indicate that overcoming these challenges requires comprehensive governance frameworks, leadership commitment, workforce development, technological readiness, and ethical data management practices. The study concludes that organizations that effectively address Big Data adoption barriers can achieve significant improvements in innovation, operational efficiency, and business performance.